Flaubert started his oriental travels on 29 October 1849. In 1843, the year when he began the initial version of Sentimental Education, the future author of Madame Bovary met the writer and photographer Maxime Du Camp, with whom he went on an excursion to Brittany in 1847. He had completed the first draft of a long philosophical prose poem, The Temptation of Saint Antony, a burlesque, disenchanted meditation on this anchorite who had retired to the Egyptian desert, where the Devil tempted him, in the form of voluptuous earthly visions he was to publish it only in 1874. The manuscripts of the first three stages in the drafting of The Temptation of Saint Antony (1848, 1856, 1870-1872) and a projected oriental tale, Anubis, a prefiguration of Salammbô, can be consulted on Gallica, as well as the three fragments that Flaubert published in the review L’Artiste, which have also be digitized ( 21 and 28 December 1856, 1st February 1857). When he set off for the Orient, the novelist Gustave Flaubert (1821-1880) had already visited his native Normandy, Paris, Versailles, Fontainebleau, the Pyrenees, Corsica, Provence, Italy and Switzerland.
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